Sodium Dehydroacetate (SDHA) is a paraben and formaldehyde-free preservative used in cosmetics and personal care products. It is derived from acetic acid and possesses antimicrobial and antifungal properties. SDHA primarily inhibits the growth of bacteria and fungus, but it may not necessarily kill existing microbes. It is Ecocert and Cosmos approved, and is popular in natural products. It is also used as a food preservative in sauce, fruit, bread, cake, moon cake, margarine, and beverages.
It is an effective antimicrobial ingredient, even at low concentrations, less than and equal to 0.6%, against both bacteria and fungi.
All skin types except those that have an identified allergy to it.
The EWG notes cancer, developmental and reproductive toxicity, occupational hazards, and organ system toxicity as potential side effects, and has lesser concerns regarding neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption. One or more in vitro tests on mammalian cells showed positive mutation results, and other animal studies showed endocrine system disruption, brain and nervous system, and reproductive effects at high doses. The European Union restricts workplace exposure to low doses, and classifies Sodium Dehydroacetate as toxic or harmful, especially when used around the mouth or lips.
In the EU, workplace exposure to low doses of SDHA is restricted, and its use around the mouth or lips is also limited.
Derived from acetic acid
The CIR Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and concluded that Dehydroacetic Acid and Sodium Dehydroacetate were safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration.
The EWG notes cancer, developmental and reproductive toxicity, occupational hazards, and organ system toxicity as potential side effects, and has lesser concerns regarding neurotoxicity and endocrine disruption.
SDHA is water soluble and can be used in various personal care products, including aqueous systems and emulsions. It is also used as a preservative in glue and cleaning solutions. It is used as a fungicide and plasticizer in toothpaste and pharmaceuticals. It is effective in low concentrations, a widely used cosmetic preservative soluble in water, glycols, and methanol. It is a hypoallergenic and non-irritating ingredient, as only a few cases of sensitization are described in scientific literature.
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